Dengue (breakbone fever) and Chikungunya (bended walker in Swahili) are re-emerging mosquito borne diseases and are becoming a problem and concern for world class cities eg. Singapore

Risk times for the dengue biting mosquito are usually dusk and dawn, whereas the malaria biting mosquito feeds between dusk to dawn.

There are no vaccines to prevent dengue and chikungunya,  so avoid getting bitten.  Use insect repellents when outdoors on exposed skin and or clothing impregnated in permethrin. Look for insect repellents that contain DEET (diethyl-toluamide), picaridin or IR3535 or oil of lemon eucalyptus.

In general, repellents protect longer against mosquito bites when they have a higher concentration of any of the active ingredients. However, concentration of > 50% do not offer a distinct increase in protection time.

If your require daytime insect avoidance, then it is a lot easier to use a combined mixture of DEET and sunscreen (SPF+23). If you are using a repellent alone, then the the sunscreen is applied first and the DEET or picaridin applied over

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